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Dear colleagues and friends of the HI-Jena,

we are glad to provide you with the March 2023 issue of the newsletter of the Helmholtz Institute Jena.
Below you find informations and news about recent activities of our institute.

Kind Regards,
Helmholtz Institute Jena

New Regimes of Nuclear Resonance Excitation: First Experiments at the European XFEL

Ralf Röhlsberger for the MCLS* collaboration and for the 45Sc collaboration

The nuclear resonances of Mössbauer isotopes provide extremely narrow energy references for high-resolution spectroscopy. This qualifies them for applications in condensed matter physics as well as for studies in fundamental physics and extreme metrology. Since the pioneering experiment by E. Gerdau et al. [1] at the storage ring DORIS (DESY, Hamburg), the technique of nuclear resonance scattering has found widespread applications at hard X-ray synchrotron radiation sources worldwide. Its implementation and use at hard X-ray laser sources started with one experiment performed at SACLA in Japan reported so far [2].

In 2022 we could perform the first experiments on nuclear resonance scattering at the European XFEL. One study was conducted at the 14.4 keV resonance of 57Fe aiming at applications in x-ray quantum optics in a collaboration with researchers from Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, the Max Planck Institute of Nuclear Physics in Heidelberg, the University of Freiburg and DESY. The other experiment, initiated by researchers from Argonne National Laboratory and Texas A&M University in College Station, USA, succeeded to achieve the first photonic excitation of the ultranarrow 12.4 keV resonance of 45Sc for future applications in extreme metrology.

Employing the 14.4 keV nuclear resonance of 57Fe we aimed at the realization of multiphoton excitation in forward scattering from an ensemble of Mössbauer nuclei. Due to the radiative coupling between the nuclei in the ensemble, an enhanced decay rate (superradiance, SR) and collective energy shifts (collective Lamb shift, CLS) appear as characteristic signatures in the scattered light. So far, SR and CLS have been extensively studied in the single-photon excitation regime at synchrotrons. Here we were aiming to reveal the spectral properties of the nuclear exciton under multiphoton excitation conditions, especially with the goal to determine the CLS as function of the number of photons that resonantly excite the nuclear ensemble. So far, the spectral properties under multiphoton excitation conditions have neither been approached theoretically nor experimentally. Our experiment in 2022 was mainly devoted to reliably detect the nuclear forward scattering signal in the presence of the extremely intense radiation pulses of the European XFEL. To our great surprise, under these conditions a 8 mm thick 57Fe foil appeared to be only 1 mm thick, as illustrated in Fig.1. The microscopic mechanism for this unique behavior is still under investigation.

The 12.4 keV resonance of 45Sc is one of the narrowest nuclear resonances known with a half width of 1.4 femto-eV. In several aspects this isotope is superior to the 8.3 eV 229mTh isomer for extreme metrology applications. The scientific potential of the 45Sc resonance together with the possibility to resonantly excite it by photons from modern accelerator-based hard x-ray sources was identified more than 30 years ago [3]. However, it escaped detection until now, mostly due to the lack of hard x-ray sources with sufficient spectral flux. In this experiment the nuclear resonance of 45Sc was successfully observed by irradiation of a Sc metal foil with 12.4-keV x-ray pulses of sub-millisecond duration and detection of the 4 keV delayed K-fluorescence that followed internal nuclear conversion. The resonance energy, which was known before the experiment to an uncertainty of +/- 50 eV only was determined with sub-eV accuracy. Our results set the stage for further studies of this isotope with promising applications in fundamental physics and extreme metrology.

Both experiments greatly benefitted from the high pulse repetition rate in conjunction with hard x-ray self-seeding (HXRSS) at the respective nuclear resonance energies, providing the spectral flux for efficient nuclear resonance excitation. A unique pulse pattern will be extremely beneficial for future studies at the 45Sc resonance, in particular for the analysis of hyperfine interactions via nuclear forward scattering.

References

* Multiphoton Collective Lamb Shift
[1] E. Gerdau et al., Nuclear Bragg diffraction of synchrotron radiation in yttrium iron garnet, Phys. Rev. Lett. 54, 835 (1985).
[2] A. I. Chumakov et al., Superradiance of an ensemble of nuclei excited by a free electron laser, Nature Physics 14, 261 (2018).
[3] Yu. V. Shvyd’ko and G. V. Smirnov, On the direct measurement of nuclear resonance parameters of long-lived (>=1s) isomers. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B 51, 452 (1990).

News and Announcements

Semiannual Meeting of the HI Jena

We kindly invite you to the Helmholtz Institute Jena semiannual palaver. The detailed agenda can be found here. Zoom link: 670 9407 9947
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Team of the Helmholtz Institute Jena one of the winners at the DIHP Elevator Pitch 2023

Five teams awarded at the Ideas Pitch 2023 at the "Digital Innovation Hub Photonics" (DIHP)  To support start-ups and fresh ideas in the field of optics and photonics:…
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Robert Klas is awarded Hugo Geiger Prize 2023

Dr. Robert Klas, from Helmholtz Institute Jena and Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering IOF, has received this year’s “Hugo Geiger Award…
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10th Joint RS-APS & HGS-HIRe Lecture Week on APPA Research at FAIR

At the end of February 2023 the Research School of Advanced Photon Science (RS-APS) of the Helmholtz Institute Jena organized already its 10th edition of its “Joint…
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Upcoming events

Upcoming events

DateTitleLocation

Recently finished theses

Aurand, B.
Untersuchungen zu Mechanismen der Laser-Teilchenbeschleunigung
Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Fachbereich 08 Physik, Mathematik und Informatik
June 2012
File:http://doi.org/10.25358/openscience-2060
Fuchs, S.
Optische Kohärenztomografie mit kurzen Wellenlängen
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
April 2012
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/sfuchs_dip.pdf
Märtin, R.
Röntgenpolarimetrie angewandt zur Untersuchung der Bremsstrahlung spinpolarisierter Elektronen
Ruprecht-Karls-Universität; Fakultät für Physik und Astronomie
September 2011
File:http://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/volltextserver/12675/
Hahn, C.
Charakterisierung ortsauflösender Halbleiterdetektoren für harte Röntgenstrahlung
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
September 2011
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/chahn_bsc.pdf
Reuter, M.
Interferometric Probing of Laser Generated Plasmas for Electron Acceleration
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät
July 2011
File:https://www.hi-jena.de//fileadmin/content/publications/mreuter_dip.pdf

Recent publications

Hornung, M.; Bödefeld, R.; Kessler, A.; Hein, J.; Kaluza, M.C.
Spectrally resolved and phase-sensitive far-field measurement for the coherent addition of laser pulses in a tiled grating compressor
Optics Letters, 35 :2073
June 2010
DOI:10.1364/OL.35.002073
Rodríguez, D.; Blaum, K.; Nörtershäuser, W.; Ahammed, M.; Algora, A.; Audi, G.; Äystö, J.; Beck, D.; Bender, M.; Billowes, J.; Block, M.; Böhm, C.; Bollen, G.; Brodeur, M.; Brunner, T.; Bushaw, B.; Cakirli, R.; Campbell, P.; Cano-Ott, D.; Cortés, G.; Crespo López-Urrutia, J.; Das, P.; Dax, A.; De, A.; Delheij, P.; Dickel, T.; Dilling, J.; Eberhardt, K.; Eliseev, S.; Ettenauer, S.; Flanagan, K.; Ferrer, R.; García-Ramos, J.-E.; Gartzke, E.; Geissel, H.; George, S.; Geppert, C.; Gómez-Hornillos, M.; Gusev, Y.; Habs, D.; Heenen, P.-H.; Heinz, S.; Herfurth, F.; Herlert, A.; Hobein, M.; Huber, G.; Huyse, M.; Jesch, C.; Jokinen, A.; Kester, O.; Ketelaer, J.; Kolhinen, V.; Koudriavtsev, I.; Kowalska, M.; Krämer, J.; Kreim, S.; Krieger, A.; Kühl, T.; Lallena, A.; Lapierre, A.; Le Blanc, F.; Litvinov, Y.; Lunney, D.; Martínez, T.; Marx, G.; Matos, M.; Minaya-Ramirez, E.; Moore, I.; Nagy, S.; Naimi, S.; Neidherr, D.; Nesterenko, D.; Neyens, G.; Novikov, Y.; Petrick, M.; Plaß, W.; Popov, A.; Quint, W.; Ray, A.; Reinhard, P.-G.; Repp, J.; Roux, C.; Rubio, B.; Sanchez, R.; Schabinger, B.; Scheidenberger, C.; Schneider, D.; Schuch, R.; Schwarz, S.; Schweikhard, L.; Seliverstov, M.; Solders, A.; Suhonen, M.; Szerypo, J.; Taín, J.; Thirolf, P.; Ullrich, J.; Duppen, P.; Vasiliev, A.; Vorobjev, G.; Weber, C.; Wendt, K.; Winkler, M.; Yordanov, D.; Ziegler, F.
MATS and LaSpec: High-precision experiments using ion traps and lasers at FAIR
The European Physical Journal Special Topics, 183 :1
May 2010
DOI:10.1140/epjst/e2010-01231-2
Shabaev, V. M.; Volotka, A. V.; Kozhuharov, C.; Plunien, G.; Stöhlker, T.
Parity-nonconservation effect with the laser-induced 2 3S1 - 2 1S0 transition in heavy heliumlike ions
Physical Review A, 81 :052102
May 2010
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevA.81.052102
Gies, H.; Weber, A.
Geometry-Temperature Interplay in the Casimir Effect
International Journal of Modern Physics A, 25 :2279
April 2010
DOI:10.1142/S0217751X10049554
Bagnoud, V.; Fils, J.; Hein, J.; Kaluza, M.C.; Paulus, G.G.; Stöhlker, T.; Wolf, M.
High‐Contrast Ultrafast OPA Module For The PHELIX Facility
AIP Conference Proceedings, 1228 :217
April 2010
DOI:10.1063/1.3426055
Seres, J.; Seres, E.; Hochhaus, D.; Ecker, B.; Zimmer, D.; Bagnoud, V.; Kühl, T.; Spielmann, C.
Laser-driven amplification of soft X-rays by parametric stimulated emission in neutral gases
Nature Physics, 6 :455\u2013461
April 2010
DOI:10.1038/nphys1638
Hein, J.; Hornung, M.; Bödefeld, R.; Podleska, S.; Sävert, A.; Wachs, R.; Kessler, A.; Keppler, S.; Wolf, M.; Polz, J.; Jäckel, O.; Nicolai, M.; Schnepp, M.; Körner, J.; Kaluza, M.C.; Paulus, G.G.
Multiterawatt peak power generated by the all diode pumped laser—POLARIS
AIP Conference Proceedings, 1228 :159
April 2010
DOI:10.1063/1.3426047
Tavella, F.; Willner, A.; Rothhardt, J.; Hädrich, S.; Seise, E.; Duesterer, S.; Tschentscher, T.; Schlarb, H.; Feldhaus, J.; Limpert, J.; Tünnermann, A.; Rossbach, J.
Fiber-amplifier pumped high average power few-cycle pulse non-collinear OPCPA
Optics Express, 18 :4689
March 2010
DOI:10.1364/OE.18.004689
Zhong, Q.; Aumann, T.; Bishop, S.; Blaum, K.; Boretzky, K.; Bosch, F.; Bräuning, H.; Brandau, C.; Davinson, T.; Dillmann, I.; Ershova, O.; Geissel, H.; Gyürky, G.; Heil, M.; Käppeler, F.; Kelić, A.; Kozhuharov, C.; Langer, C.; Bleis, T. L.; Litvinov, Y. A.; Lotay, G.; Marganiec, J.; Petridis, N.; Plag, R.; Popp, U.; Reifarth, R.; Riese, B.; Rigollet, C.; Scheidenberger, C.; Simon, H.; Stöhlker, T.; Szücs, T.; Weber, G.; Weick, H.; Winters, D. F. A.; Winters, N.; Woods, P. J.
96^Ru(p,γ)97^Rh measurement at the GSI storage ring
Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 202 :012011
February 2010
DOI:10.1088/1742-6596/202/1/012011
Hädrich, S.; Gottschall, T.; Rothhardt, J.; Limpert, J.; Tünnermann, A.
CW seeded optical parametric amplifier providing wavelength and pulse duration tunable nearly transform limited pulses
Optics Express, 18 :3158
February 2010
DOI:10.1364/OE.18.003158
Zimmer, D.; Zielbauer, B.; Pittman, M.; Guilbaud, O.; Habib, J.; Kazamias, S.; Ros, D.; Bagnoud, V.; Kühl, T.
Optimization of a tabletop high-repetition-rate soft x-ray laser pumped in double-pulse single-beam grazing incidence
Optics Letters, 35 :450
February 2010
DOI:10.1364/OL.35.000450
Kühl, T.; Aurand, B.; Bagnoud, V.; Ecker, B.; Eisenbarth, U.; Guilbaud, O.; Fils, J.; Goette, S.; Habib, J.; Hochhaus, D.; Javorkova, D.; Neumayer, P.; Kazamias, S.; Pittman, M.; Ros, D.; Seres, J.; Spielmann, C.; Zielbauer, B.; Zimmer, D.
Progress in the applicability of plasma X-ray lasers
Hyperfine Interactions, 196 :233
February 2010
DOI:10.1007/s10751-009-0141-3
Trotsenko, S.; Kumar, A.; Volotka, A. V.; Banaś, D.; Beyer, H. F.; Bräuning, H.; Fritzsche, S.; Gumberidze, A.; Hagmann, S.; Hess, S.; Jagodzinski, P.; Kozhuharov, C.; Reuschl, R.; Salem, S.; Simon, A.; Spillmann, U.; Trassinelli, M.; Tribedi, L. C.; Weber, G.; Winters, D.; Stöhlker, T.
Spectral Shape of the Two-Photon Decay of the 2 1S0 State in He-Like Tin
Physical Review Letters, 104 :033001
January 2010
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.033001
Dunne, G.; Gies, H.; Schützhold, R.
Catalysis of Schwinger vacuum pair production
Physical Review D, 80 :111301
December 2009
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevD.80.111301
Rothhardt, J.; Hädrich, S.; Gottschall, T.; Clausnitzer, T.; Limpert, J.; Tünnermann, A.
Compact fiber amplifier pumped OPCPA system delivering Gigawatt peak power 35 fs pulses
Optics Express, 17 :24130
December 2009
DOI:10.1364/OE.17.02413
Hess, S.; Bräuning, H.; Spillmann, U.; Geyer, S.; Hagmann, S.; Kozhuharov, C.; Krings, T.; Kumar, A.; Märtin, R.; O'Rourke, B. E.; Reuschl, R.; Trotsenko, S.; Weber, G.; Winters, D.; Stöhlker, T.
Polarized tunable monoenergetic x-rays produced by radiative electron capture into the K-shell of Xe^(54+)
Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 194 :012025
December 2009
DOI:10.1088/1742-6596/194/1/012025
Nodop, D.; Rothhardt, J.; Hädrich, S.; Limpert, J.; Tünnermann, A.
Wavelength-independent all-optical synchronization of a Q-switched 100-ps microchip laser to a femtosecond laser reference source
Applied Physics B, 94 :399
December 2009
DOI:10.1007/s00340-008-3325-7
Trassinelli, M.; Kumar, A.; Beyer, H. F.; Indelicato, P.; Märtin, R.; Reuschl, R.; Kozhedub, Y. S.; Brandau, C.; Bräuning, H.; Geyer, S.; Gumberidze, A.; Hess, S.; Jagodzinski, P.; Kozhuharov, C.; Liesen, D.; Spillmann, U.; Trotsenko, S.; Weber, G.; Winters, D. F. A.; Stöhlker, T.
Observation of the 2p_(3/2) → 2s_(1/2) intra-shell transition in He-like uranium
Europhysics Letters, 87 :63001
September 2009
DOI:10.1209/0295-5075/87/63001
Weber, G.; Omet, C.; DuBois, R. D.; de Lucio, O.; Stöhlker, T.; Brandau, C.; Gumberidze, A.; Hagmann, S.; Hess, S.; Kozhuharov, C.; Reuschl, R.; Spiller, P.; Spillmann, U.; Steck, M.; Thomason, M.; Trotsenko, S.
Beam lifetimes and ionization cross sections of U^(28+)
Physical Review Special Topics - Accelerators and Beams, 12 :084201
August 2009
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.12.084201
Rothhardt, J.; Hädrich, S.; Gottschall, T.; Limpert, J.; Tünnermann, A.; Rothhardt, M.; Becker, M.; Brückner, S.; Bartelt, H.
Generation of flattop pump pulses for OPCPA by coherent pulse stacking with fiber Bragg gratings
Optics Express, 17 :16332
August 2009
DOI:10.1364/OE.17.016332
Steppke, A.; Geithner, R.; Hechler, S.; Nawrodt, R.; Neubert, R.; Vodel, W.; Schwickert, M.; Reeg, H.; Seidel, P.
Application of LTS-SQUIDs in Nuclear Measurement Techniques
IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 19 :768
June 2009
DOI:10.1109/TASC.2009.2019542
Hess, S.; Bräuning, H.; Spillmann, U.; Brandau, C.; Geyer, S.; Hagmann, S.; Hegewald, M.; Kozhuharov, C.; Krings, T.; Kumar, A.; Märtin, R.; Protić, D.; O'Rourke, B.; Reuschl, R.; Trassinelli, M.; Trotsenko, S.; Weber, G.; Winters, D. F. A.; Stöhlker, T.
Polarization studies of radiative electron capture into highly-charged uranium ions
Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 163 :012072
June 2009
DOI:10.1088/1742-6596/163/1/012072
Stöhlker, T.; Banaś, D.; Bräuning, H.; Fritzsche, S.; Geyer, S.; Gumberidze, A.; Hagmann, S.; Hess, S.; Kozhuharov, C.; Kumar, A.; Märtin, R.; O’Rourke, B. E.; Reuschl, R.; Spillmann, U.; Surzhykov, A.; Tashenov, S.; Trotsenko, S.; Weber, G.; Winters, D. F. A.
Polarization and angular correlation studies of X-rays emitted in relativistic ion-atom collisions
The European Physical Journal - Special Topics, 169 :5
March 2009
DOI:10.1140/epjst/e2009-00965-0
Bräuning, H.; Hess, S.; Geyer, S.; Spillmann, U.; Kozhuharov, Ch.; Krings, Th.; Kumar, A.; Märtin, R.; Protić, D.; Reuschl, R.; Trassinelli, M.; Trotsenko, S.; Weber, G.; Winters, D.; Stöhlker, T.
Polarization Measurements of Radiative Electron Capture Transitions in Highly Charged Ions
AIP Conference Proceedings, 1099 :117
March 2009
DOI:10.1063/1.3119992
Kumar, A.; Trotsenko, S.; Volotka, A. V.; Banaś, D.; Beyer, H. F.; Bräuning, H.; Gumberidze, A.; Hagmann, S.; Hess, S.; Kozhuharov, C.; Reuschl, R.; Spillmann, U.; Trassinelli, M.; Weber, G.; Stöhlker, T.
Spectral shape of the 2E1 decay from 2s state in He-like tin
The European Physical Journal - Special Topics, 169 :19
March 2009
DOI:10.1140/epjst/e2009-00967-x
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